_dddd_dddd copies the specified input file to the specified output with possible
conversions. The standard input and output are used by default. The
input and output block sizes can be specified to take advantage of raw
physical I/O. _dddd_dddd processes supplementary code-set characters according
to the locale specified in the LC_CTYPE environment variable (see LANG in
_eeee_nnnn_vvvv_iiii_rrrr_oooo_nnnn(5)), except as noted below.
Option Values
_iiii_ffff_====_f_i_l_e Input filename; standard input is default.
_oooo_ffff_====_f_i_l_e Output filename; standard output is default.
_iiii_bbbb_ssss_====_n Input block size is _n bytes (default 512).
_oooo_bbbb_ssss_====_n Output block size is _n bytes (default 512).
_bbbb_ssss_====_n Set both input and output block size, superseding _i_b_s and
_o_b_s. Also, if no conversion is specified, preserve the
input block size instead of packing short blocks into the
output buffer (this is particularly efficient since no
in-core copy need be done).
_cccc_bbbb_ssss_====_n Conversion buffer size (logical record length).
_ffff_iiii_llll_eeee_ssss_====_n Copy and concatenate _n input files before terminating
(makes sense only where input is a magnetic tape or
similar device).
_ssss_kkkk_iiii_pppp_====_n Skip _n input blocks before starting copy (appropriate for
magnetic tape, where _i_s_e_e_k is undefined).
_iiii_ssss_eeee_eeee_kkkk_====_n Seek _n blocks from beginning of input file before copying
(appropriate for disk files, where _s_k_i_p can be slow).
_oooo_ssss_eeee_eeee_kkkk_====_n Seek _n blocks from beginning of output file before
copying. Preserves the contents (over the range of the
seek) of a previously existing output file.
_ssss_eeee_eeee_kkkk_====_n Identical to _o_s_e_e_k, retained for backward compatibility.
_cccc_oooo_uuuu_nnnn_tttt_====_n Copy only _n input blocks.
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111
dddddddd((((1111MMMM)))) dddddddd((((1111MMMM))))
_cccc_oooo_nnnn_vvvv_====_aaaa_ssss_cccc_iiii_iiii Convert EBCDIC to ASCII. Conversion results cannot be
assured when supplementary code-set characters are also
subject to conversion.
_eeee_bbbb_cccc_dddd_iiii_cccc Convert ASCII to EBCDIC. Conversion results cannot be
assured when supplementary code-set characters are also
subject to conversion.
_iiii_bbbb_mmmm Slightly different map of ASCII to EBCDIC. Conversion
results cannot be assured when supplementary code-set
characters are also subject to conversion.
_cccc_oooo_nnnn_vvvv_====_bbbb_llll_oooo_cccc_kkkk Convert newline-terminated ASCII records to fixed length.
_uuuu_nnnn_bbbb_llll_oooo_cccc_kkkk Convert fixed-length ASCII records to newline-terminated
records.
_llll_cccc_aaaa_ssss_eeee Map alphabetics to lowercase. Multibyte characters are
not converted.
_uuuu_cccc_aaaa_ssss_eeee Map alphabetics to uppercase. Multibyte characters are
not converted.
_ssss_wwww_aaaa_bbbb Swap every pair of bytes.
_nnnn_oooo_eeee_rrrr_rrrr_oooo_rrrr Do not stop processing on an error (limit of five
consecutive errors). A message is printed on each input
error, giving the statistics up to that point.
_iiii_gggg_nnnn_eeee_rrrr_rrrr_oooo_rrrr Do not stop processing on an error at all. Unlike
_nnnn_oooo_eeee_rrrr_rrrr_oooo_rrrr, the read errors are skipped over if possible, by
using _l_s_e_e_k_6_4(2), (if possible) and there is no limit on
the number of errors. It is recommended that either _iiii_bbbb_ssss
or _bbbb_ssss be used, and set to the minimum size for the input
device, in order to minimize the skipped data. This can
sometimes allow disk drives to be copied even if they
contain unreadable blocks, although the output copy will
of course have blocks of missing (zero-filled) data.
_nnnn_oooo_tttt_rrrr_uuuu_nnnn_cccc Do not truncate a pre-existing output file.
_ssss_yyyy_nnnn_cccc Pad every input block to _i_b_s. Pad with spaces if
conv=block or conv=unblock is specified, otherwise pad
with nulls.
_...._...._...._,,,, _...._...._.... several comma-separated conversions.
Where sizes are specified, a number of bytes is expected. A number can
end with _kkkk, _bbbb, or _wwww to specify multiplication by 1024, 512, or 2,
respectively; a pair of numbers can be separated by _xxxx to indicate
multiplication.
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222
dddddddd((((1111MMMM)))) dddddddd((((1111MMMM))))
_cccc_bbbb_ssss is used only if _aaaa_ssss_cccc_iiii_iiii, _uuuu_nnnn_bbbb_llll_oooo_cccc_kkkk, _eeee_bbbb_cccc_dddd_iiii_cccc, _iiii_bbbb_mmmm, or _bbbb_llll_oooo_cccc_kkkk conversion is
specified. In the first two cases, _cccc_bbbb_ssss characters are copied into the
conversion buffer, any specified character mapping is done, trailing
blanks are trimmed, and a newline is added before sending the line to the
output. In the latter three cases, characters are read into the
conversion buffer and blanks are added to make up an output record of
size _cccc_bbbb_ssss. If _cccc_bbbb_ssss is unspecified or zero, the _aaaa_ssss_cccc_iiii_iiii, _eeee_bbbb_cccc_dddd_iiii_cccc, and _iiii_bbbb_mmmm
options convert the character set without changing the block structure of
the input file; the _uuuu_nnnn_bbbb_llll_oooo_cccc_kkkk and _bbbb_llll_oooo_cccc_kkkk options become a simple file copy.
After completion, _dddd_dddd reports the number of whole and partial input and
output blocks.
EEEEXXXXAAAAMMMMPPPPLLLLEEEE
This command reads an EBCDIC tape that is blocked ten 80-byte EBCDIC card
